GBH liability Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

GBH liability - Essay Example Section 42 of the OAPA 1861 affirmed that an attack is committed in the case of unlawful violence or violence committed to another person. This statement was revised by the CIA in 1988. The action of violence was clearly stated and under which circumstance this section was relevant. Violence committed to a person under unlawful means is a crime as this will endanger the life of the victim.Sarah’s consent to sexual intercourseDespite Sarah’s approval to sexual relations, she was unaware of Richard’s HIV status. She did not consent to be infected with the HIV. Richard committed offense as he consciously transmitted the HIV to Sarah. This was with the knowledge that it would result to a life threatening condition to Sarah.  Ã‚   According to this case in matters pertaining R v Clarence and R v Dica, while it is appropriate in terms of sexual consent, it does not address the matter of acceptance to the endangerment of grievous body impairment. This may be as a resu lt of sexual relations by modes of sexually transmitted infections.. In both cases, the defendants did not inform their partners that they had the HIV. The partners also were ignorant of the status of their sexual partners. Sarah was ignorant of Richard’s sexual transmitted disease condition. Sarah consented to sexual intercourse, but she did not consent to the risk of the viral infection. For a sexual partner’s consent to the dangers of contracting the HIV to be valid; the approval of the other partner ought to be an informed consent (Card et al, 2012). Hair cutting issue Sarah was not happy that Richard cut her hair; she opted to remain quiet on this topic. She weighted her love emotions for Richard and remained silent. Sarah did not consent to her hair being cut; this is regarded as actual body harm to Sarah.

Do Markets and the Division of Labour Encourage or Discourage Social Essay

Do Markets and the Division of Labour Encourage or Discourage Social Cohesion - Essay Example Specialization is when tasks in a society are assigned to specific individuals in whereby the assigned person has the obligation of fully completing the task. Markets on the other hand are defined as the a place where economic activities in the society take place, economic activities in this case imply to the buying and selling and thus there is interaction and the interaction of buyers and sellers from different cultures and ethnical backgrounds. Markets and division of labor’s contribution towards social cohesion has been a crucial debatable issue in the contemporary practical environment (Council of Europe 2006). Markets and division of labor according to the definition of Adam Smith can be used to explain the reason why on the adoption of this technique there is increased productivity and output in regards to the economic activities of a given society. The major objective and aim of markets and division of labor is to ensure that there is consistent maximization of profits as well as minimizing the average total cost of the production process. There are several classes of thinkers on this issue of social cohesion in regards to markets and the division of labor. This argument has been highly attributed by the several definitions of markets and division of labor in the contemporary society. ... The other class of thought based their definition of labor on the principles of the social and collective human labor. The principle behind this definition is that markets and division of labor collectively pulled together the society thus encouraging the collective achievement of social and cultural interaction and integration and intellectualism in the society. Basing on these definitions the perception of markets and division of labor on promoting social cohesion is positive. Other scholars on the basis that the concerned definition has not fully integrated the concept of the political economy have opposed this justification. The definition of markets and division of labour has since been not compatible with the current political, social and economic setup of the society. This has been due to the over emphasis of the social cohesion in the original definition, social cohesion in the context of markets and division of labour can be evaluated in critically looking at the merits and the demerits on the societal integration and cohesion (Rogowski 2008). Division of labor in the past was seen as the source of labour discrimination in the society, this was attributed by the presence of gender imbalance, inequalities and variation in the various in the sectors in the production process (O'Brien 2008).According to Angle, division of labour was in existence in as far as the human history is concerned. He believes that the division of labour is one of the major sources of the intrigues being witnessed in the society. Challenges such as human beings being denied rights as well as unfavorable social set up emerged due to the division of labour thus this scholar implies that markets and division of labour have contributed